Cloning is Unethical and Will Create Unsolvable Problems. †Ethics Essay

Cloning is Unethical and Will Create Unsolvable Problems. †Ethics Essay Free Online Research Papers Cloning is Unethical and Will Create Unsolvable Problems. Morals Essay Today, cloning is certainly not another idea in present day science. There have been a variety of sentiments for and against cloning explores up until this point. Be that as it may, cloning can be viewed as an untrustworthy issue, and it may prompt some unusual issues in not so distant future. The as a matter of first importance motivation to restrict cloning is the vulnerability of utilizing clones for transplant purposes. For example, Dolly was an effective instance of creature cloning, yet she matured substantially more rapidly than the giver. So also, maturing could occur in human organ clones on the off chance that they were utilized for transplanting, and cause symptoms just as terrible responses to human body. Thus, this marvel may make a ton of clinical dangers. Another motivation to address is that the organ cloning process looks like the way toward cloning babies. In this manner, methods of cloning can without much of a stretch lead to infant cloning which is illicit at the present. As the result, cloning infants would be done by certain individuals without control, cooking for awful purposes, which would genuinely destroy our straightforward life. The last motivation to restrict cloning is the moral issue. Envision that human cloning turned out to be anything but difficult to work out; there would be a pattern that individuals make their clones as a style. This issue is extremely barbaric. When human cloning was created, there would be a bootleg market where barren couples could purchase a cloned undeveloped organism that was taken or was to be disposed of so as to have a kid. Also, cloning to make human duplicates is now and then as comparable as creating machines, which is incredibly denounced by numerous individuals, associations, religions†¦ All in all, cloning is currently viewed as unscrupulous in light of its awful consequences for human life. Later on, cloning needs more investigates, analyze just as administrative oversight to adapt to some erratic difficulty. Examination Papers on Cloning is Unethical and Will Create Unsolvable Problems. - Ethics EssayGenetic EngineeringThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationCapital PunishmentIncorporating Risk and Uncertainty Factor in CapitalPersonal Experience with Teen PregnancyEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenBionic Assembly System: A New Concept of SelfComparison: Letter from Birmingham and CritoThe Project Managment Office SystemRelationship between Media Coverage and Social and

Faculty Roles Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Workforce Roles - Essay Example In this manner, so as to utilize personnel assessment as an instrument to quantify staff quality, a portion of the essential jobs of the workforce must be distinguished for evaluation, and qualities or loads appointed to them. â€Å"All jobs ought to be characterized in the workforce good example as far as noticeable accomplishments, items, or exhibitions that can be documented.† (Diamantes, 2002). In the workforce good example, I have recognized instructing, academic exercises and administration as the three most significant jobs of the staff. Instructing is characterized as taking part in explicitly structured associations with the understudies that encourage, advance, and result in understudy learning (Arreola, 2007). Instructing being the essential capacity of the personnel, it has been concurred the most noteworthy weight. Successful educating has four characterizing parts. In view of the overall significance of every one of the four parts, the loads have been doled out a s: 35% for instructional conveyance aptitudes which call for composed study hall introductions, compelling correspondence with the understudies, creating excitement and rousing them to learn and accomplish; 35% for instructional structure abilities that include growing course materials e.g., study notes, tests and so forth., growing new courses, planning successful instructional devices, for example, sound/visuals, conversations, class workshops and gathering exercises; 25% for content skill which basically is a marker of the staff member’s dominance obviously content and 5% for course the board which comprises of overseeing exercises, materials and so forth for courses, leading lab work, evaluating papers, directing understudy investigate, administering theses and so forth. Academic exercises as another job in the good example and with segments, for example, (1) self-improvement, (2) unique research and disclosure, (3) dispersal through banners and distributions in standard diaries help the employees

amylase essays

amylase papers The protein amylase will catalyze the hydrolysis of starch to maltose when the pH is close to 7.0. Yet at the point when the HCl is added to the arrangement the amylase will be denatured which brings about the compound being deactivated. The iodine fills in as a pointer for the nearness of starch. Iodine (I2) will reach with iodide particle to deliver the I3-particle. This particle will frame a dim blue complex with the Like most concoction responses, the pace of a compound catalyzed response increments as the temperature is raised. A ten degree Centigrade ascent in temperature will expand the movement of most catalysts by 50 to 100%. Varieties in response temperature as little as 1 or 2 degrees may acquaint changes of 10 with 20% in the outcomes. On account of enzymatic responses, this is muddled by the way that numerous proteins are antagonistically influenced by high temperatures. As appeared in Figure 13, the response rate increments with temperature to a most extreme level, at that point suddenly decays with further increment of temperature. Since most creature proteins quickly become denatured at temperatures above 40C, most chemical conclusions are done to some degree Over some undefined time frame, proteins will be deactivated at even moderate temperatures. Capacity of proteins at 5C or underneath is commonly the most reasonable. A few proteins lose their action when . As amylase separates starch, less and less starch will be available and the shade of the arrangement (on the off chance that iodine is included) will get lighter and lighter. Compounds are organic atoms that catalyze various concoction responses. With few exemptions, all catalysts are proteins and every compound is explicit to a specific concoction response. Chemicals must keep up a particular three dimensional structure so as to work appropriately. On the off chance that an protein's structure is modified (by heat or cruel synthetic concoctions) it may not work by any means. This ... <!

Leadership Ethics Assignment Nurse to Nurse Violence - 275 Words

Leadership Ethics Assignment: Nurse to Nurse Violence (Essay Sample) Content: Leadership Ethics: Nurse to Nurse ViolenceName:Institution:IntroductionThe nursing profession is guided by a specific code of ethics and professional standards. Nurses are expected to provide quality care that centers on the patients. To achieve this, nurses are expected to form collaborative relationships with their colleagues, patients and their families, and the administrators of the nursing facilities (Vessey et al. 2009, p. 299). Nurses provide care to patients in order to relieve them of pain. Workplace violence is an unfortunate trend that has emerged among nursing professionals in the recent past. Nurse-nurse violence or horizontal hostility is defined as hostile, aggressive, and harmful behavior by a nurse or group of nurses toward a co-worker or group of nurses via attitudes, actions, words and/or behaviors  (Becher and Visovsky, 2012, p. 210). Nursing violence is characterized by bullying, backstabbing, name-calling, gossip, intimidation, criticism, sarc asm, blaming, isolation, belittling, sabotage, fabrication of lies, and exclusion among others (Beecher and Visovsky, 2012, p. 210). Nurses are expected to be guided by a code of ethics. However, engagement in horizontal violence violates this code of ethics (Aitamaa et al. 2010, p. 469). The failure of nurses to act in accordance with the code of ethics requires that nursing leaders step in to protect both the nursing professional and patients in his/her care. Ethical leadership exemplified by nursing leaders is crucial in ending horizontal violence.Key Strategies Pertinent to Ethical IssueThere are several strategies that nurse leaders can use to end horizontal violence among nursing colleagues and hence maintain a work environment that is healthy and conducive. These strategies include nurse leaders committing to be role models and proactively enforcing a change in culture at a nursing unit, using professional codes of ethics to solve nurse-nurse violence, and both nursing admini stration and nursing personnel collaborating more frequently and consistently in addressing issues that arise in the unit.Nurse leaders have no obligation but to lead by example by not being perpetrators of the nurse-nurse violence. Vessey (2009) identifies senior staff nurses or nurse managers as one of the perpetrators of bullying (Vessey et al. 2009, p. 305). A change in culture at the nursing units involves providing sound leadership, organizing mentoring programs to staff, and starting activities that build collaboration among the nurses (Vessey et al. 2009, p. 304).In addition, enforcement of culture involves taking the initiative to post rules that guide relationships at worksites in order to promote team building, supportive relationships, and professional role socialization (Chaboyer et al., 2001, p. 530). All these elements require that nursing managers develop transformative leadership skills that are needed to creatively counter workplace violence among nurses.Secondly, nursing managers are supposed to use codes of ethics to solve issues concerning nurse-nurse violence (Aitamaa et al., 2010, p. 466). Nursing managers receive ethics education and training and this strengthens their understanding of ethical problems and hence they should be better prepared to resolve them by using the code of ethics principles (Aitamaa et al., 2010, p. 479). Nurse managers who undertake ethics training after they graduate are well positioned to use codes of ethics in resolving the conflict between nursing values. Nursing professionals will violate codes of ethics mainly due to ignorance of the contents of the code or lack of training or just blatantly disregarding them. Therefore, to be able to solve ethical problems such as nurse-nurse violence, understanding of the code of ethics becomes important. Nursing managers should participate in ethics training after they graduate so as to be able to decipher ethical problems more easily and use the code of ethics in solvin g these problems (Aitamaa et al. 2010, p. 477).The third strategy is for nursing managers and nursing personnel collaborating more frequently and consistently in solving nurse-nurse violence. Nursing managers should be close to the personnel who work below them in order to understand any problems they are facing and purpose to solve them before they snowball into horizontal violence. Managerial leadership sends a message to the nursing personnel that the managers are committed to maintaining particular standards (Coursey et al., 2013, p. 106). The nursing managers should create an environment that requires everyone to behave in a respectful and courteous manner. This is possible after managers collaborate with staff closely to understand the type of environment they want.Analysis of EvidenceCoursey (2013) reports of a survey of 600 nurses in south-eastern United States where a large number of open-ended comments showed that leadership that is ineffective worsened nurse-nurse violenc e. Staff members were resentful when managers made attempts to relate closely with nursing personnel after a lateral violence incident had occurred (Coursey et al., 2013, p. 106). This shows collaborations between nursing managers and nursing personnel need to be frequent and consistent even in nurse-nurse violence matters. In addition, nursing managers are supposed to be able to recognize and admit the occurrence of viol...

The Tuskegee and Guatemala Syphilis Studies Were Racist

Some of the most unsettling examples of institutional  racism have involved medicine, such as when the U.S. government conducted syphilis research on marginalized groups (poor black men in the American south and vulnerable Guatemalan citizens) with disastrous results. Such experiments challenge the idea that racism simply involves isolated acts of prejudice. In fact, the racism that results in long-lasting oppression of people from minority backgrounds is typically perpetuated by institutions. The Tuskegee Syphilis Study In 1932, the United States Public Health Service partnered with educational establishment the Tuskegee Institute to study black men with syphilis in Macon County, Georgia. Most of the men were poor sharecroppers. By the time the study ended 40 years later, a total of 600 black men had enrolled in the experiment. It was called the Tuskegee Study of Untreated Syphilis in the Negro Male. Medical researchers swayed the men to participate in the study by enticing them with medical exams, rides to and from the clinics, meals on examination days, free treatment for minor ailments, and guarantees that provisions would be made after their deaths in terms of burial stipends paid to their survivors. There was just one problem: Even when penicillin became the main treatment for syphilis in 1947, researchers neglected to use the medication on the men in the Tuskegee study. In the end, dozens of study participants died and infected their spouses, sexual partners, and children with syphilis as well. The Assistant Secretary for Health and Scientific Affairs created a panel to review the study and in 1972, determined that it was ethically unjustified. The panel determined that researchers failed to provide participants with informed consent, namely that test subjects were to remain untreated for syphilis. In 1973, a class action suit was filed on behalf of the enrollees in the study that resulted in them winning a $9 million settlement. Moreover, the U.S. government agreed to give free medical services to the survivors of the study and their families. Guatemala Syphilis Experiment Until 2010, it remained widely unknown that the U.S. Public Health Service and the Pan American Sanitary Bureau partnered with the Guatemalan government to conduct medical research between 1946 and 1948. During this time, 1,300 Guatemalan prisoners, sex workers, soldiers, and mental health patients were intentionally infected with sexually transmitted diseases such as syphilis, gonorrhea, and chancroid. What’s more, just 700 of the Guatemalans exposed to STDs received treatment. A total of 83 individuals ultimately died from complications that may have been a direct result of the questionable research paid for by the U.S. government to test the effectiveness of penicillin as an STD treatment. Susan Reverby, a women’s studies professor at Wellesley College, uncovered the U.S. government’s unethical medical research in Guatemala while researching the Tuskegee Syphilis Study of the 1960s, in which researchers willfully failed to treat black men with the illness. It turns out that Dr. John Cutler played a key role in both the Guatemalan experiment and the Tuskegee experiment. The medical research conducted on members of the Guatemalan population stands out as especially egregious, given that the year before experiments there began, Cutler and other officials also conducted STD research on prisoners in Indiana. In that case, however, researchers informed the inmates what the study entailed. In the Guatemalan experiment, none of the test subjects gave their consent, a violation of their rights. In 2012, a U.S. court threw out a lawsuit Guatemalan citizens filed against the U.S. government over the unethical medical research. Wrapping Up Because of the history of medical racism, people  of color continue to distrust health care providers. This can result in non-white people delaying medical treatment or avoiding it altogether, creating an entirely new set of challenges for a group plagued with a legacy of racism. Sources About the USPHS Syphilis Study. Tuskegee University, 2019, Tuskegee, AL. Monastersky, Richard. Court dismisses suit over unethical US experiments. Springer Nature Limited, June 15, 2012.

Ethical Decision Making Ethical Decisions - 1496 Words

Facing Ethical Decisions How does a person determine what is right or wrong when making a decision? Most people faced with an ethical decision usually revert to their personal values that hopefully guide them through the decision-making process. Assessing values and morals are an important role when making ethical decisions and how others view a person after making that decision. â€Å"Once we grasp the underlying concepts of making important decisions, we need to know how to apply them.† (Fisher, 2005) The choices between right and wrong involve the background of an individual’s experiences with family, religion, culture, work and habits. Being Ethical Making Proper Decisions Every person makes many decisions every day without even thinking but when faced with an ethical dilemma one must use caution while determining the results. A person should stop and think about whom the decision will affect and how others will perceive them afterward. A good possible choice at the time may result in a wrong decision in the long term. â€Å"One of the most important steps to better decisions is the oldest advice in the world: think ahead.† (Josephson, 2002, p. 21). Credibility and respect shouldn t be lost on others when making an ethical decision. The effects of short-term goals, as well as the impact of long-term objectives, should be considered. The facts of the situation should be known and understood before one can reach a reasonable conclusion. Different options should often haveShow MoreRelatedEthical Decision Making A Decision On Ethical Decisions1587 Words   |  7 PagesThroughtout this written assignment there will be a discussion on ethical decisio n making about making a decision on possible ethical consequences that may be placed in your life, and what ethical consequences will be dealt with in the mental health professional field. Decisions could possibility pertain your conduct such as an ethical dilemma that will required a serious decision to be solved by your action as an leader. Even though a leader may not have caused the problem, they do not have a choiceRead MoreEthical Decision Making Ethical Decisions Essay1088 Words   |  5 Pagesbooks and news articles are available online which discuss making ethical decisions and the importance of maintaining a high level of ethical standards in business. Ethical Decisions Sound ethical decisions are extremely important in business communication and the decision making process is greatly affected by ethical standards. There are four general rules any business leader must follow when trying to make ethical decisions. These rules help managers and employees to behave appropriatelyRead MoreEthical Decision Making Ethical Decisions Essay1610 Words   |  7 PagesWhen I think of making ethical decisions, I think of doing what’s right, but what exactly is the right thing and how do we define it? As humans we are all brought up under different circumstances, therefore we tend to distinguish from right and wrong in many different ways, especially at a young age when we first start to understand our moral behavior. This difference between the way we determine what’s right and what’s wrong is what makes it difficult for us humans to have the same understandingRead MoreEthical Decision Making And Ethical Decisions1026 Words   |  5 Pages within a particular organization. Also, it includes critical and ethical decision-making process so as to address various ethical dilemmas experienced by employees while undertaking their respective assigned duties within the company. Ethical dilemmas are hereby to stay as issues usually arise now and then and place a variety of options that bear different repercussions. Therefore, it calls for ethical and critical decision-making skills so as to make the most appropriate option that bears moreRead MoreEthical Decision Making : Ethical Decisions1047 Words   |  5 PagesEthical Decision-Making The first step in the CPA (2000) ethical decision-making model is identification of the individuals and groups potentially affected by the decision. In the ethical scenario I presented earlier, the individuals directly involved and likely to be most affected by the decision include the 54-year old woman and myself as the counsellor. Those who will likely be indirectly affected by the decision would be the woman’s family, including her 20-year old daughter, and the agencyRead MoreEthical Decision Making And Ethical Decisions1317 Words   |  6 Pagesaccount the works of ethical decision making, ethical decision making is an idea that will dramatically help any manager that takes this issue seriously. In the standpoint of the internal customer, ethical behavior improves the actual atmosphere at the job and helps motivate the actual employees, sets an example to the actual employees, and evokes a feeling of pride with the company and improves it is image within the eyes with th e employees. From the standpoint of outer customer, ethical behavior improvesRead MoreEthical Decision Making Ethical Decisions Essay1014 Words   |  5 PagesHaving to make an ethical decision regarding unethical circumstances can be challenging for some. â€Å"Ethical decision-making refers to the process of evaluating and choosing among alternatives in a manner consistent with ethical principles. In making ethical decisions, it is necessary to perceive and eliminate unethical options and select the best ethical alternative.The process of making ethical decisions requires: commitment-the desire to do the right thing regardless of the cost; consciousness-theRead MoreEthical Decision Making Ethical Decisions1533 Words   |  7 Pages When making ethical decisions we as Christians use different sources to help us in deciding how we should respond to a given situation while staying true to our Christian faith and its values. The scholar Richard Hays identified these sources for ethical decision-making into four areas: Scripture, tradition, reason and experience. Neither of these is used in isolation, but work together to help us decide what would be ethically right to lead the â€Å"good life† and proclaim the Kingdom of GodRead MoreEthical And Ethical Decision Making1500 Words   |  6 Pagesmore important than others, ethical decision making is a skill that has become increasingly pivotal. Jones states that a ‘moral issue is present where a person’s action, when freely performed, may harm or benefit others’ and defines ‘an ethical decision is a decision that is both legally and morally acceptable to the larger community’ (1991, p. 387). In order to create a company wide culture of ethics, employees must believe that the organization has a desire to be ethical and see proof of this fromRead Moreethical decision making1211 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿ Ethical- Decision Making University of the Rockies Mabel Drafton Abstract Countertransference is how therapists distort the way they perceive and react to a client (Corey, Corey, and Callanan, 2011). Therapists are expected to identify and deal with their own reactions with consultation, personal therapy, and supervision that their clients will not be negatively affected by the therapist’s problem. Personal therapy is an effective way for therapists

World War I And Conditions Of Women Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the World War I And Conditions Of Women. Answer: Introduction This report is based on the society and condition of women in US during First World War period. Men and women were never given an equal right in the society. Women experience a different social position and right every time. But the First World War has changed the scenario a lot. They were forced to change their working role which created a lot of opportunities as well as challenges. A description of the said scenario is depicted here. Thesis statement: Opportunities and challenges for women during the First World War. Questions and Answers. 1.What new opportunities and challenges did women face during World War I? World War I came with a lot of challenges for women and they were mainly in the social and economic front. Most of the men of the country were involved in war front leaving women with all house hold duties including household economic grounds (Dumenil, 2017). They were forced to carry out male tasks like running busses, being conductors and other masculine works. There was an increased level of unemployment among female servants due the middle class familys wish of saving money. There was a little bit of help from the government sectors with an announcement of engagement of female workers in mutinition factories and in farming works but they were forced to work in low wages. This announcement also reflected a bit of opportunities since it provided with a scope to showcase working skills but the scopes were very less in number (Grayzel, 2014). Moreover, women were forced to work in dangerous working conditions which were life risking at times. Government subsidies were provided to the families with their male heads being engaged in the war activities named as separation subsidies. But the subsidies were small in amount and never can be enough for running a house hold. Again, there was said to be a social misuse of women in the name of dignity protection. They used to get slut shamed for every third normal steps. 2.Where did women work before, during and after World War I? Working women culture was not an introduction of World War I and female force used to consist of important part of paid and skilled working force. They used to work in the industrial sectors, textile sectors, banking sectors mostly. World War I has introduced them to the police departments and transportation departments (Maier, 2015). Record says that the first women police officer started serving during the First World War. Again female drivers, conductors also came into existence in that period. The period witnessed a major force of women working in the munition department (Zerach, Greene Solomon, 2015). With a maximized demand of arms and related products, women used to work in lots of government firms who were involved in arms production. There were life risks. There was a certain scope of showcasing talent also. Lots of female workers were also recorded in the farming sector. With an increase in the demand for food products, there was an increases need workers in that sectors a nd mostly female workers used to get engaged here. But these work opportunities decreased with war ending (Phillips, 2016). But again the fashion industry witnessed a growth and also was an increase in popularity of football and other games and basically of female teams. There was seen an inclination toward these sectors with the completion of World War. 3.In what three ways was society changed by Womens role in the First World War Three ways in which the society changed by womens role in the First World War can be stated like: Women were started being given equal education rights like a man. In contrast to the minimum education facility given to woman, they are now allowed for higher education in colleges and universities (Pearce, 2016). Secondly, job opportunities have started growing for women. In spite of only remaining involved in higher activities, women have started going out and doing job which really showcase their skills (Proctor, 2016). Thirdly, they were given voting rights. Women were never given the right of involvement in political activities. But the post world war period marked a change and with right of higher education and improved thinking process and after being a major source of help in the war periods, this one of a major change was witnessed by US society. Conclusion It can be concluded from the report that there was a change in the condition of women during the First World War. They were forced to undertake masculine kind of works. They were also being exposed to life risks from earning a livelihood for themselves and their families. But some positive changes can also be encountered during this stage. Women have acquired voting right. They become more open for higher education and being self dependent. References Dumenil, L. (2017).The Second Line of Defense: American Women and World War I. UNC Press Books. Grayzel, S. R. (2014).Women's identities at war: Gender, motherhood, and politics in Britain and France during the First World War. UNC Press Books. Maier, C. S. (2015).Recasting bourgeois Europe: stabilization in France, Germany, and Italy in the decade after World War I. Princeton University Press. Pearce, E. (2016).The Golden Talking-Shop: The Oxford Union Debates Empire, World War, Revolution, and Women. Oxford University Press. Phillips, K. (2016).Manipulating Masculinity: War and Gender in Modern British and American Literature. Springer. Proctor, T. M. (2016). TOTAL WAR Family, Community, and Identity during the First World War.The Oxford Handbook of European History, 1914-1945. Zerach, G., Greene, T., Solomon, Z. (2015). Secondary traumatization and self-rated health among wives of former prisoners of war: The moderating role of marital adjustment.Journal of Health Psychology,20(2), 222-235.

Scientific Investigatory Project free essay sample

Most people grew up and lived with the electric currents flowing through the wiring within the walls of their homes. They helped us a lot everyday besides giving energy to power appliances at home such as television, computer, radio, video games. Electricity keeps more important appliances like gas stove, refrigerator, air conditioners which we all need to lessen and help us in our work and in life. Thus having power cut tends to create confusion and panic in homeowners who are unprepared. The continuation of power outages due to widespread power failure can not only be inconvenient and problematic, they can be dangerous and can create troubles and accidents for people who depend on power to operate appliances and medical devices within their home. A generator can keep your appliances that require electricity at home functioning normally and your family can continue on their routine. They also help maintain a safe and well-ordered life in the midst of possible chaos and accidents. We will write a custom essay sample on Scientific Investigatory Project or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page It is a device that converts mechanical energy to electrical energy. Some electric generator use fuel to supply electric power; they restore a home’s electricity during a power failure but a wooden generator doesn’t need fuel to supply electric power. Wooden Generator is easier and it can be done by anyone. If you don’t want to buy electric generators because they are expensive, you can create your own â€Å"Wooden Generator†. In a wooden generator, the most essential structure is made of wood. The only non wooden parts are the magnet and the wire. Wooden generator can light up any low voltage/ low current lamp. It doesn’t matter if you suddenly experience power failure because of a natural disaster or a simple error if you already own a generator. B. Statement of Problem This aims to study and analyze the benefits a wooden generator. This study also wants to find out how the speed of turning rotor, the diameter of coil, the number of wire loops, wire gage, and the material used in the construction of an electric generator affect the production of electricity. Identify mo mga benefits mo or ung mga gusto mung malaman or ilagay ditto. Kunyari identify the blab la bla. Study thehe fjaf of generator. Why is it important to know the effects of perfume? For people who aren’t aware, perfumes have many effects on people and believe me, it’s not all good. We want them to be aware that it also has some bad effects. Without them realizing, people around them may be affected of them using perfumes, it becomes a problem to them. It’s not just people who are affected but also plants and animals especially our environment. Thus, we want to find the answer to our question. â€Å"What are the effects of perfume on our body health?

Nigerian Nights essays

Nigerian Nights essays Cola a foreign student from Nigeria gave a presentation over his home country. He is from Lagos where many festivals are held. The country is ethnic divided with different regions. The festivals are the Eye, Ague, and Atilogwu. The Eye festival is full of masks and people dance. The Ague festival is brought from the wives. The Atilogwu is a mournful festival, and is when someone dies. He also talked about the Durbar, which is held when important guests come to visit. There are acrobats who usually are picked by their location. Many train all of their life to become one. The King picks Mascarades. The dancing is more like a drunken slur. Christianity is the religion in the south. In the north they feel they can have as many wives as they can support. The King has many wives, but the wife with the most power is the first one. The economy is stable but has improvements. The minimum wage is $52.00 a month in American dollars. I tried the food before I left and it was di fferent. The taste was satisfying but was a very new taste. I was also able to listen to their music which had a very powerful beat and I watched in amazement while Cola was dancing. Everything about Nigeria gave me a feeling of friendliness. Everyone should attend one of their sessions because you will never leave without learning something new. ...

Clostridium Difficile Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Clostridium Difficile - Essay Example The role of CDI in antibiotic-associated diarrhea was recognized in 1970s. In 2000, the emergence of a drug-resistant hypervirulent strain was documented. This strain was associated with severe and recurrent CDI. Between 2000 and 2005, the CDI cases almost doubled, of which majority were older adults (Kee 2011). CDI is characterized by at least three unformed feces, within a 24-hour period, with C. difficile (McCollum and Rodriguez 2012). The presence of infection is examined through histopathologic or endoscopic tests. CDI has been linked to approximately 20% of all cases of antibiotic-associated diarrhea in humans (Carman et al. 2011). From being associated with simple to severe diarrhea, C. difficile is now regarded as the principal cause of various diseases, including sepsis, fulminant colitis, multiorgan failure, toxic megacolon, and even death (Ananthakrishnan and Binion 2010). History and Epidemiology Staphylococcus aureus was commonly linked to antibiotic-associated diarrhea, but in 1974, the cases of clindamycin-associated pseudomembranus colitis were found not caused by S. aureus (Bartlett 2008). These cases were later associated with C. difficile when the link between CDI and antibiotic therapy was elucidated. CDI became more common and severe since the year 2000. From a common cause of nuisance, it evolved into a principal nosocomial cause of mortality and morbidity (McCollum and Rodriguez 2012). ... This percentage increases with age, making the elderly more prone to CDI than the young adults. Older adults may have 10% to 20% colonization rates, depending on the length and frequency of exposure to antibiotic treatments and to C. difficile (Wilcox 2003). Although the vegetative forms of the bacillus die upon exposure to air, its spores may last for months and even years. Hospitals are the major source of C. difficile spores. The bacillus can also be found in farmyards and domestic animals like dogs, cows, cats, horses, and pigs. In developed countries, hospital-acquired diarrhea is likely associated with C. difficile than any other bacteria (Wilcox 2003). In England and Wales, about 18,000 laboratory cases of C. difficile are reported annually (Wilcox 2003). More than 80% of these cases involved patients with ages of over 65 years (Wilcox 2003). The elderly patients tend to acquire severe CDI, though increasing age is not a risk factor for the extent of infection severity. These trends were also observed in the U.S. In fact, the economic cost of CDI cases in the U.S. range from $436 million to $3 billion in a year (Ananthakrishnan and Binion 2010). Clinical and Pathological Features It is often difficult to differentiate the clinical and pathological characteristics of the disease caused by C. difficile from those of other intestinal diseases, such as Crohn’s disease, ulcerative colitis, and chronic inflammatory bowel disease (Knoop et al. 1993). The symptoms may manifest as early as one to two days after an antimicrobial therapy and as late as two to ten weeks after the therapy. C. difficile-associated disease could also occur after a single

Marketing Fundamentals Module (CIM Professional Certificate in Essay

Marketing Fundamentals Module (CIM Professional Certificate in Marketing) - Essay Example Their definition of a successful firm is one, which is able to predict the future accurately, acquire core competences ahead of competition and thereby become the dominant player within an industrial sector. Markets always change faster than Marketing. Today many companies are disappointed over marketing’s inability to produce measurable result. While companies unabashedly declare their wish to get closer to customers, marketing actually losing power to other functions in the corporation. Now to achieve highest level of operations every company needs a strong market plan, which will ensure success to them in the present competitive environment. 2. Marketing plan: The marketing plan operates at two levels strategic and tactical. The strategic marketing plan lays out the target markets and value proposition that will offer, based on an analysis of the best market opportunities. The tactical marketing plan specifies the marketing tactics, including product features, promotion merchandising, pricing, channels and services. The marketing plan is the central instrument for directing and coordinating the marketing effort. Today teams develop marketing plans with inputs and sign-offs from every important organizational function. These plans are then implemented at the appropriate levels of the organization, with management monitoring results and taking corrective action when necessary. The format and contents of marketing plans depend upon the size of the organization, the attitude of the organization the degree of formalization required within the annual planning cycle process and accepted sector conventions. 2.1. Situation review: Within situation review, there should be coverage of the strategic situation facing the organization. This will base on a description of market size, market growth trends, customer benefits

Theories of Causal Learning Essay Example for Free

Theories of Causal Learning Essay In the article entitled â€Å"When Learning Order Affects Sensitivity to Base Rates: Challenges for theories of Causal Learning† written by Ulf-Dietrich Reips and Michael R. Waldmann, theories causal learning was put to test, more specifically the causal-model theory and the associative theories. With this, the causal-model theory â€Å"assumes that learners form a representation of causal models regardless of the order in which learning information is presented† (Reips and Waldmann, 2006). As with the associative theories, the researchers decided to take on the Rescorla-Wagner theory of associative learning. Associative learning theories tend to place cues and outcomes simply for the predictive and diagnostic learning (Reips and Waldmann, 2006). Predictive learning entailed the prediction of symptoms based on the disease presented to them while diagnostic learning required the prediction of diseases based on the symptoms given to them. Thus, it can be said that predictive learning is the forecasting of the effects based on the causes. On the other hand, diagnostic learning is the determination of the causes based on the effects. These two causal learning methods were placed against the variable of base rates. The researchers did the study because in general, they wanted to find out whether the use of base rates was affected by the learning order, whether it is predictive learning or through diagnostic learning. Moreover, they wanted to test whether the base rates were encoded and if this was put to use. Also, they wanted to find out whether the increasing complexity of the ideas would affect the use of base rates. The researchers conducted studies on students coming from the University of Tà ¼bingen. They were given a list of fictitious diseases and their corresponding symptoms with other diseases given more likelihood than the other/s that were in the form of an inverted M. Three experiments were done which involved almost the same procedures with a little alteration for each experiment. The first experiment was done with the purpose of â€Å"finding out whether learners have the competency or correctly incorporating base-rate information regardless of the sequence of learning† (Reips and Waldmann, 2006). The purpose of the second experiment was to Results were later on computed using the ANOVA. The number of participants varied for the three experiments but is similar in terms of the school where they came from, which is the previously mentioned University of Tà ¼bingen. For the first experiment, the participants composed of 24 students who were given participation credit or were paid DM 5, where â€Å"half of this group was randomly assigned to either of the two learning conditions, predictive or diagnostic learning† (Reips and Waldmann, 2006). In the second experiment, there were 32 participants composing mostly of students from the same university who were recruited at the cafeteria. Just the same, each of them was given participation credit or was paid DM 8 for their help with the study. The participants were randomly assigned to either of the two learning conditions. With the third experiment, the participants remained at the number 32 and were randomly assigned to either of the two learning conditions and were also paid DM 10 or were given participation credits for their contribution with the study. The procedure varied from one experiment to another. In the first experiment, the participants were given typed instructions written in the German language. After reading such, they were asked to summarize the instructions and recite them. With an error in the instruction, they were asked to repeat it all over again until they were able to get the instructions right. They were asked to proceed as a â€Å"guest in a special clinic for viro-neuronal tropical diseases for one day† (Reips and Waldmann, 2006). Those under the predictive learning conditions will have to predict the symptoms based on the disease given and those under the diagnostic learning conditions will have to identify the disease based on the symptoms given. They were given hypothetical patients’ record on an index card. The card contains two symptoms on one side and one disease on the other where the predictive learning group saw the disease first before the symptoms and the diagnostic learning group saw the symptoms first. The participants were later asked to rate the likelihood of the occurrence of the disease. In the second experiment, they used the same inverted-M disease but added diseases and symptoms to make them into a total of six diseases and nine symptoms. For this experiment, the researches used the aid of the computer for their learning trials with the use of software called Micro Experimental Laboratory (MLE). They received practically the same instructions but with additional directions on how to use the computer and two new types of questionnaire. The test was self-paced and the experimenter would simply have to press a button to display the items that the participant will have to answer. For the third experiment, the general procedure will be a written general instruction, computer instruction, learning phase with feedback, instruction for the test phase, test phase of diagnostic judgments without feedback, rating questionnaire, and frequency questionnaire. The results of the first experiment were in consistence with the causal-model theory which states that â€Å"learners try to correctly represent causal knowledge regardless of the sequence of the learning input† (Reips and Waldmann, 2006). For the second experiment, the results revealed that the â€Å"participants acquired the base rates of the diseases in all conditions but used them differently in probability ratings depending on the learning condition† (Reips and Waldmann, 2006). The results affirmed the associative theories but were in contrast with the causal-model theory. The third experiment reaffirmed the results and findings of the first and second experiment. In addition to this, they were able to find out that â€Å"the use of base rates in the implicit measure is clearly less pronounced in the predictive learning condition than in the diagnostic learning condition† (Reips and Waldmann, 2006). Moreover, there was a â€Å"pronounced difference in base-rate use after diagnostic but not after predictive learning in the diagnostic ratings† (Reips and Waldmann, 2006). A future possible expansion that is adhered to by the researchers is the question on â€Å"whether the competency to acquire flexibly accessible knowledge is based on the learning phase or on the retrieval phase† (Reips and Waldmann, 2006). Due to the fact that none of the two learning theories, the causal-model and associative theories, encompass the findings of the experiments, it can be said that there is a need for further research regarding the topic to formulate a theory that would be able to hold true for the findings of this current research (Reips and Waldmann, 2006). This has an impact particularly on the causal-model theory which has been disproved by the second experiment and the third experiment (Reips and Waldmann, 2006). In addition to this, the same model is challenged by the fact that people encode base rates but do not always put them to use (Reips and Waldmann, 2006). Both theories may be applied but they can not totally encompass or they lack certain things that might explain the findings of the last two experiments to be able to fully contain them (Reips and Waldmann, 2006). The findings of the research is of great importance and use to the field of education. More specifically, it is helpful in determining the â€Å"suitable learning and training contexts in education† (Reips and Waldmann, 2006). Moreover, the information gathered from this research will be of great use to the field of medical sciences since the presentation of information with regard to causes may present deficiencies when this is used (Reips and Waldmann, 2006). The findings of this study will have to enhance the over-all learning process and theories that are in current use. References Reips, U. and Waldmann, M. 2006. When Learning Order Affects Sensitivity to Base Rates: Challenges for Theories of Causal Learning. 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diary of anne frank :: essays research papers

*New Buddy* The book I read is called The Diary of Anne Frank by Anne Frank The book is a true story about a thirteen year old girl who receives a diary on her thirteenth birthday. The book is a short autobiography In her diary Anne tells Kitty (her pretend friend) everything that happens in her life. The interesting factor in the book is that the time of Anne’s preteen years is the time of the rise of Hitler who oppressed the Jews. Anne’s family is forced into hiding into a secret apartment on top of a factory store in which one of the Frank’s friends works. Meep, the friend brings food up to the Franks. Anne and her family stay in hiding for four years. Just when the Franks are almost ready to leave a man working in the factory rats the Franks out to the Nazis. Anne’s diary begins on her thirteenth birthday and ends shortly after her fifteenth .In the book she writes of her friendships with other girls and her performance in school. The school Anne goes to is called the Lycelium for Jews. Anne also has a sister. Her name is Margot. Margot is 17 years old and very mature. Anne gets along well with her sister. Her father comes from a wealthy family. Anne gets along nicely with him. Anne’s mother is not spoken of too much in the book., mostly because she does not have a good relationship with her. When Hitler was first taking power the Jews were forced into all Jewish schools. It was there that Anne met a good friend. Her name was Joy. Anne and Joy became friends but only for a short while before Anne was forced into hiding. Anne and her family hid from the Nazi’s for two and a half years. The Franks stayed with three other people. They had a woman named Meep bring food to them. The rise of Hitler grew worse as the years passed. The Nazis were then taking Jews to camps where they would kill them. The Franks got into many arguments with the people in the house and Anne was between it all. During this time Anne was beginning to like one of the boys she was staying with in the house.

Family theories Essay

In this answer, I am going to discuss about the conjugal relationship in modern industrial societies. This means I will assess the claim that conjugal relationships are based on equality in modern industrial societies. I plan to structure my answer from housework and childcare, power and money management. The hours worked between husband and wife become more equal by the increased participation by women in the labour market have led to more equality in modern family life. This view is highly supported by many sociologists like Young and Willmott who suggest that the family is becoming more symmetrical and therefore, is in fact becoming more egalitarian via a ‘march of progress. ’ They suggest that the family is gradually improving in terms of equality as there has been a trend away from segregated conjugal roles and more of a shift towards joint ones. This they argue is due to major social changes in that women are more financially dependant with employment opportunities and so there is less of a need to rely on extended kin. This is further explained by Gershuny who suggests that because women have these employment opportunities, they are more likely to do less domestic work. This is shown by the item as it suggests that ‘men were making more of an effort to do housework when their wives were in full-time employment. By this change of position for women, it has meant that men are now more responsible for different household tasks therefore suggesting that equality within modern family life is evident and so this view seems correct. He emphasises the change in social values as a reason for this which is also supported by Sullivan’s study (2000) which found an increase in equal division of labour. This supports Young and Willmott’s ‘march of progress’ view that conjugal roles are becoming more symmetrical; thus suggesting that the view of equal gender roles and relationships is likely. Also, due to post-modern society, there are better living conditions compared to those during industrialisation and so this has drawn the men back into the family and thus has enabled them to help with housework and childcare as well as providing leisure time; enhancing equality in relationships. The social changes have meant that equality is becoming evident and so the statement seems highly likely. However, the functionalist view of equality in modern family life has been highly criticised particularly by feminists like Ann Oakley (1974). Oakley rejects the ‘March of progress’ view described by Young and Willmott as she suggests that this is simply exaggerated as we still live in a patriarchal society where women do most of the housework. She suggested that the methodology used by Young and Willmott was hardly convincing as their questions lacked in detail. In Oakley’s research, she found only 15% of husbands had a high participation in housework, showing how the statement is flawed as this clearly does not show evidence of equality in relationships and gender roles. Despite Gershuny suggesting that paid work entitled equality for women, Oakley suggested that this was only an extension of the housewife role. Therefore, unlike Parsons claim of a ‘natural’ role, feminists argue that this was socially constructed to enforce dependence on men which became worse with industrialisation as it forced women to stay within the home. Thus, it is clear that joint conjugal roles are not as ‘joint’ as functionalists initially suggested they were as the social changes have only exacerbated the role of women suggesting this so called equality does not exist. Besides, other feminists like Elsa Ferri and Kate Smith (1996) suggest that the changed position of women in terms of employment has only created a dual burden as they now have to undertake paid work as well as the unpaid housewife role. Ferri and Smith suggest that unlike Gershuny, increased employment has had little impact of the domestic labour as fewer than 4% of families had a father responsible for childcare. Therefore, women still remain responsible for the children as well as their employment responsibility; clearly suggesting that modern family life is not as equal as it seems. The dual burden is also supported by Dunscombe and Marsden’s theory of a triple burden in that women are expected to do the double shift of housework and paid work but also the caring of the emotional welfare of the family. This clearly disputes Gershuny’s idea that women are more equal due to employment as the triple burden means that they in fact gain more responsibilities than losing them. Next, feminists ‘point to inequalities of power and control that persist in modern family relationships’ as a key reason for inequality; again challenging the statement. Allan suggests that ideological factors limit women’s power in that they are ‘disadvantaged from the start. ’ This suggests that the family is always going to be founded on inequality; thus suggesting that the view of equality is limited. This is supported by Barrett and McIntosh who suggest that men gain far more from women’s domestic work than they give in financial support and that in turn this support often comes with ‘strings’ attached. Also, men are usually the ones who make decisions about finances despite some families being dual-earners. This is due to the fact that women are statistically still paid on average less than men; enhancing male economic power. Therefore you can question the extent of equality in modern family life. Resources are also said to be shared unequally like Kempson’s (1994) study among low-income families. This leaves women in poverty and so restricts their power in the family which creates an atmosphere of inequality in conjugal relationships. This is further explained by feminists Pahl and Vogler (1993) who focused on the effects of decision making within the family through ideas like ‘pooling’ and ‘allowance systems. They found a 31% increase in pooling where both partners have joint decision responsibility as well as a decline in allowance systems. However, it was still evident that men usually made huge financial decisions. Edgell also supports this as the levels of decision making are not equal due to the male economic power that still exists. Therefore, women have less say in the decisions and thus it is obvious that the view that gender roles and relationships are becoming more equal is incorrect as inequality in pay and decisions still exist. Similarly, this inequality of power has led to domestic violence which clearly shows how inequality is evident in that relationships are being gender dominated. Radical feminists like Millett and Firestone (1970) use domestic violence as a way to show that society is primarily founded on patriarchy and that men oppress and exploit women. They suggest that the inequality of power within the family maintains men’s power and so domestic violence is inevitable. Similarly, Dobash and Dobash suggest that marriage legitimises violence against women as it provides the male with power and the women with dependency, therefore evidently showing no signs of equality. Thus, this disputes the statement of gender roles and relationships becoming more equal with 1 in 4 women being assaulted in their lifetime according to Mirrlees-Black. Finally, childcare which is essentially about exercising responsibility for another person who is not fully responsible for herself and it entails seeing to all aspects of the child’s security and well-being, her growth and development at any and all times. Mary Boulton ( 1983 ) argues the exaggeration in the extent of men’s involvement in childcare and she denies that questions about who does what give a true picture of conjugal roles. She also claims that although men might help with particular tasks, it is their wives who retain primary responsibility for children. It is the wives who relegate non-domestic aspects of their lives to a low priority. This shows that there is still inequality in terms of childcare in conjugal relationships. In addition, Elsa Ferri and Kate Smith provide some empirical support for Boulton by conducting a study based on National Child Development Survey. The survey found it was still very rare for fathers to take primary responsibility for childcare. In both the sample of mothers and the sample of fathers it was very rare in dual-earner families, no-earner families or families where only the mother worked, for the man to be normally responsible for the children or to look after them when they were ill. In almost every category the man was the main carer in 4 percent or less of families. This is also supported by the radical feminist idea of ‘gender scripts’ in that there are expected norms in terms of gender roles and so patriarchal relationships are inevitable. Therefore, they suggest that equality without burdens will only be reached through same-sex relationships as this eliminates the ‘gender script’ idea. Thus, this enhances the inequality of the family, and suggests that the view that conjugal relationships are becoming more equal is in fact incorrect as the inevitability of patriarchal relationships means that equality cannot be established. In conclusion, I have discussed and assessed the view that conjugal relationships are based on equality in modern industrial societies by evaluating three sections which are hours worked, power and childcare. With all of the statement, I believe that conjugal relationships in modern industrial societies are not based on equality.

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